儿童肺栓塞与肺静脉血栓

Pulmonary embolism and pulmonary vein thrombosis in children

儿童肺栓塞与肺静脉血栓在儿童较为少见,但却可危及生命.与成人比较,绝大部分儿童肺栓塞和肺静脉血栓有危险因素存在,临床表现无特异性,包括气短、胸痛及咯血等.大部分治疗上的经验来自于成人肺栓塞,是否适用于儿科患者,需要结合患儿的基础疾病,权衡风险与获益,特别是血流动力学的情况而定.现针对儿童肺栓塞和肺静脉血栓的流行病学、临床表现、诊断与治疗等进行综述.

Pulmonary embolism or pulmonary vein thrombosis is rare in children but does occur.Compare to adults,the vast majority of children with PE have risk factors.The clinical manifestation includes shortness of breath,pleuritic chest pain,and hemoptysis,however,which are not specific.The majority of evidence for treatments in the pediatric population is extrapolated from adult populations; the choice of treatment should be guided by risks and benefits,underlying disease,and especially,the hemodynamic stability of the patient.This article reviews the current knowledge of pulmonary embolism and pulmonary vein thrombosis in the pediatric population,summarizing its characteristics from epidemiological aspects to diagnostic and therapeutic relevant issues.