北京市顺义区中学生伤害现况及危险因素分析

Injury and related risk factors among middle school students in Shunyi district of Beijing

目的了解北京市顺义区中学生伤害及危险因素流行状况,探讨学生伤害的有效干预措施和预防模式。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,对北京市顺义区初中生861名,高中生967名进行健康相关行为问卷调查。结果中学生伤害发生率为18.38%,男生(24.40%)高于女生(12.93%)(P<0.01),初中生(20.67%)高于高中生(16.34%)(P<0.05)。扭伤(91.4%)、跌坠伤(5.96%)、自伤(3.06%)是中学生最常见的受伤原因;骨关节伤(10.07%)、割刺伤(7.44%)是最常见的伤害症状;学校是伤害发生的最主要地点,占67.25%。性别、年级、家庭类型、学习成绩是伤害的影响因素;男生伤害发生的风险是女生的2.01倍,初中生是高中生的1.36倍,单亲家庭、重组家庭的中学生伤害发生风险分别是核心家庭的1.81,3.89倍,学习成绩中等的学生伤害发生风险是差等生的0.52倍。结论应根据中学生伤害发生类型和特点采取针对性的措施,学校、家庭和社会各自发挥其作用,重点做好发生率较高的伤害的防范工作,预防和控制伤害的发生。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of injuries among middle school students in Shunyi District of Beijing,and to explore effective injury intervention strategies.Methods A total of 861 junior high school students and967 senior high school students who were selected through stratified cluster random sampling were implemented with a questionnaire survey.Results The incidence of injuries among students was 18.38%,with higher incidence for boys（24.40%） than girls（12.93%）,junior schools（20.67%） than senior schools（16.34%）.Sprain,fall injury,and self-injury were the most common cause of injury among middle school students.Bone and joint injuries,and cutting were the most common injuries symptoms.About67.25% of injuries occurred at school.Nearly half of injuries among boys occurred in the gyms,and about 20% of injuries among girls occurred at home.Gender,grade,type of family,and academic performance were the influencing factors of injuries.The risk of injuries among boys was 2.01 times higher than that of girls,the risk of injuries among students from single-parent families and restructuring families was 1.81 and 3.89 times higher than that of students from nuclear families,respectively.Conclusion Targeted measures should be taken by schools and families according to the type and characteristics of injury among middle school students.Comprehensive interventions of injuries should be proposed and strengthened especially in places with relatively higher incidence of injury.