乌鲁木齐市不同民族初中生近视影响因素调查

Prevalence and risk factor of myopia among Uygur and Han junior school students in Urumqi

目的了解乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族、汉族初中生近视发生的影响因素,为制定预防近视的相关措施提供参考依据。方法应用分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取乌鲁木齐市初中生2 462名,进行视力检查和影响因素的问卷调查。结果在2 462名学生中,近视学生1 367名,总近视率为55.50%。维吾尔族初中生患病率为45.75%,汉族学生为70.78%,维吾尔族学生近视率低于汉族和其他民族学生(χ2=138.04,P<0.01);汉族男生近视率为65.91%,女生为74.89%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.389,P<0.01)。影响近视的因素分别为读写距离、是否喜欢眺望、每天看电视时间、每天玩计算机时间、一次性连续读写习惯时间、每天户外时间、不良用眼行为、做眼保健操、每周吃抓饭次数、喜欢吃的主食、每天睡眠时间(P值均<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归显示:民族(OR=1.334)、读写距离(OR=2.441)、不良用眼行为(OR=1.657)、做眼保健操(OR=1.221)、一次性连续读写时间(OR=1.164)、每天玩计算机时间(OR=1.158)、是否喜欢眺望(OR=1.657)、每周吃抓饭次数(OR=0.702)、每天户外时间(OR=1.17)是近视的主要影响因素。结论乌鲁木齐市维、汉族初中生发生近视是多种因素综合作用的结果,与用眼习惯、生活方式、膳食结构等有关。

Objective To understand prevalence and risk factors of myopia among middle school students in Urumqi,and to provide basic information for the relevant strategies for myopia prevention.Methods By using cluster random sampling and stratified random sampling,a total of 2 462 middle school students from Urumqi were selected.Questionnaire survey and visual acuity examination were conducted.Results General prevalence of myopia was 55.50%,with Uygur students（45.75%） lower than Han students（57.10%）（χ2= 142.92,P〈0.01）.Prevalence of boys in Han ethnicity（65.91%） was lower than that of girls（74.89%）（χ2= 8.389,P〈 0.01）.Reading and writing habits（χ2= 181.8）,looking at far distance（χ2= 71.4）,TV time（χ2= 9.06）,computer time（χ2= 74.85）,continuous reading /writing time（χ2= 19.60）,daily outdoor time（χ2= 25.5）,poor reading habit（χ2= 22.25）,eye exercise at the school（χ2= 51.7）,weekly eat pilaf times（χ2= 110.3）,favorite staple food（χ2= 24.1） and daily sleep time（χ2= 8.65） were all risk factors for myopia.Conclusion Myopia is a complex multifactorial ocular disorder governed by both genetic and environmental factors and possibly their interplay.