患者人类免疫缺陷病毒检测与医院感染预防控制措施分析

Testing of human immunodeficiency virus in patients and measures of control of nosocomial infections

目的分析人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)检测与医院感染预防控制措施,为艾滋病的诊断及医院感染的预防控制提供参考依据。方法对2010年2月-2013年2月医院门诊及住院患者送检的25 103份标本进行HIV初筛和确认检测,对确定为HIV阳性的患者进行分析,提出医院感染预防控制策略,数据采用SPSS13.0进行统计分析。结果 25 103份标本中确认阳性261例,感染率为1.04%;HIV阳性患者在科室的分布率从2010年18.18%升至2012年的68.18%,呈上升趋势;HIV检测送检标本来源中自愿咨询检测HIV阳性检出率最少占0.41%,输血检出率较高占74.00%;HIV在低收入患者中感染的风险较大。结论加强管理、强化宣教和培训、进行全面监测为较合理的医院感染预防控制措施。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the results of testing of human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） and put forward control measures for nosocomial infections so as to provide guidance for diagnosis of AIDS and control of nosocomial infections. METHODS From Feb 2010 to Feb 2013, the primary screening of HIV and confirmation test were performed for 25 103 submitted specimens that were obtained from outpatients and hospitalized patients, then the patients who were conformed positive for HIV were analyzed, the prevention countermeasures for nosocomial infections were put forward, and the statistical analysis of data was performed with the use of SPSS13.0 software. RESULTS Of the 25 103 specimens, 261 were confirmed positive with the infection rate of 1.04%. The distribution of the patients with positive HIV in the departments increased from 18. 18% in 2010 to 68. 18% in 2012, showing an upward trend. Among the submitted specimens tested for HIV, the positive rate of HIV of the voluntary counseling group was the lowest （0.41%）, and the positive rate of HIV in the patients who underwent blood transfusion was 74.00%. The low-income patients were at high risk of HIV infectiona. CONCLUSION It is an effective way to strengthen the management, intensify the propaganda and training, and conduct comprehensive surveillance so as to control the nosocomial infections.