儿童轮状病毒感染的相关因素分析及干预措施

Neonatal rotavirus infection-related factors and treatment measures

目的研究儿童轮状病毒感染的相关因素及其相应的干预办法,为临床资料提供参考依据。方法选取2010年1月-2012年10月入院治疗的轮状病毒感染患儿68例,回顾性分析其临床资料,观察患儿轮状病毒感染的相关因素并提出相应的处理办法,数据采用SPSS16.0进行分析。结果 68例轮状病毒感染患儿的临床表现均以腹泻为主,轻者先有轻微的呼吸道感染症状,随之腹泻,偶尔有恶心、呕吐,较重的腹泻,大便次数达每天10次以上,水样便或蛋花样便,同时伴有有脱水症状及酸中毒表现,多数患儿可伴有发热,极少数患儿在腹泻之外,出现肝功能受损、病毒血症等严重并发症;经logistic回归分析后发现,患儿的营养状况、陪护感染、饮食习惯、使用抗菌药物的种类与时间、卫生状况、住院时间以及医疗器械未彻底消毒为儿童轮状病毒感染的高危因素。结论轮状病毒是儿科病房常见的引发感染的病原体,并在呼吸系统、儿童疾病中最为多见,改善患儿的营养、饮食习惯、卫生状况,并减少陪护感染、缩短住院时间、加强医疗器械的消毒、减少抗菌药物的应用,尽量避免致感染的高危因素是预防儿童轮状病毒感染的有效办法。

OBJECTIVE To study the factors related to neonatal rotavirus infections and its corresponding intervention approaches for reference for clinical data. METHODS Totally 68 children with rotavirus infections admitted during Jan. 2010-Oct. 2012 were selected, and their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Related factors for children with rotavirus infections were observed and the corresponding managing approaches were put forward. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0. RESULTS The 68 cases of children with rotavirus infections were all mainly manifested with diarrhea. Children with mild symptoms first had mild respiratory infections, followed by diarrhea, with occasional nausea and vomiting. For those with severe diarrhea, defecation over 10 times was seen with watery or egg soup-like stool, accompanied by dehydration and acidosis. Most children had fever meanwhile; few had serious complications such as impaired liver function and viremia besides diarrhea. Logistic regression analysis found that the nutritional status of children, accompanying infections, dietary habits, the types and time Of use of antibiotics, hygiene status, time of stay and incompletely disinfected medical equipment were the high-risk factors for neonatal rotavirus infections. CONCLUSION Rotavirus is a common pathogen in pediatric wards, and most common seen in respiratory system and pediatric diseases. Improvement of the nutritional status of children, eating habits, hygiene status, and reduce of the accompanying infection, shorter hospital stay, enhancement of the medical device disinfection, reduce of the application of antibiotics, minimization of high-risk factors are effective ways for prevention of neonatal rotavirus infections.