育龄妇女孕前心理压力状况及相关因素分析

Research on preconception psychological stress and related factors for women of childbearing age

目的：研究旨在考察育龄妇女孕前的心理压力状况及其影响因素。方法：对2010～2013年参加国家免费孕前优生健康检查项目的540 500名育龄妇女的基本信息、既往史和心理压力调查数据进行分析,并采用logistic回归分析对孕前心理压力的相关影响因素进行探讨。结果：3%的育龄妇女感到孕前心理压力较大,且不同社会人口学变量的心理压力分布比例差异显著。多因素分析显示,在有患病史、不良妊娠史以及不良行为习惯的育龄人群中,孕前心理压力大的发生率约为无疾病史、无不良妊娠史以及不吸烟、不饮酒的育龄妇女的2倍。结论：我国少部分育龄妇女孕前感到心理压力较大,年龄、职业、文化程度以及既往患病史、不良行为习惯是影响育龄妇女孕前心理压力的重要因素。希望该研究能够引起人们对育龄妇女孕前心理压力的重视,并为孕前心理保健服务提供参考依据。

Objective： To explore the distribution of preconception psychological stress and its related factors among women of childbearing age. Methods： The data were collected from the project of 2010-2013 National Free Pre-pregnancy Health Survey, which included the basic information, medical history and psychological stress of 540 500 women of childbearing age. The factors affecting preconception psychological stress were evaluated by using the logistic regression analysis. Results： About 3% of women of childbearing age felt greater psychological stress before pregnancy, and there were significant differences in the proportion of psychological stress distribution among different socio-demographic variables. The odd rates of high psychological stress of women with histories of diseases, adverse pregnancy outcomes or smoking and drinking were two times as that without those histories. Conclusion.. Some women of child- bearing age felt greater psychological stress before pregnancy. The important factors affecting the psychological stress before pregnancy for women of childbearing age included age, occupation, educational level, a history of diseases and poor behavior habits before pregnancy. Through this research, we hope to draw attention to psychological stress before pregnancy for women of childbearing age, and the results of this study could provide an important basis for the precon- ception mental health care.