美国“府学关系”问题研究述评

On Researches on Relationship between the USA's Government and the Universities

美国作为世界上的头号高等教育强国,大学外部治理中的"府学关系"问题一直被世人高度关注。通过文献梳理,发现关于美国"府学关系"研究主要表现在关于"府学关系"的理论思考、关于"府学关系"的政治分析、关于联邦层面"府学关系"的探讨、关于州层面"府学关系"的考察等几个方面。在目前对美国"府学关系"的研究中,国内外不乏理论层面的思考,但政治学分析作为一种必要的研究视角在相关文献中却并不多见。现有文献研究表明,无论公立大学和私立大学,联邦政府和州政府都表现出了强化干预的趋势。需要指出的是,研究美国"府学关系"应该将政府与大学的主要利益相关者的利害关系纳入"府学关系"的研究范畴,而不能仅仅局限于政府与大学这个法人实体的关系探讨。

As the No. 1 power in world education, USA has drawn wide attention on ＂the relationship between the government and the universities （G＆U）＂ in USA＇s as a way of the university＇s external governance. So far, researches on the USA＇s relationship between the G＆U have been theoretical discussions, political analyses, or on federal and state levels. Meanwhile, there have been little studies conducted from the perspective of political science. The existing literature suggests that, either in the public universities or the private ones, there has been a growing trend of interference by the federal government and the state governments. The paper also points out that in researches on USA＇s relationship between the G＆U, we should take the all interested parties into the scope of study, not just limited to the government and the university.