黄河三角洲盐碱地生物措施改良效果研究

A Study of Improvement Effects by Biological Measures in the Yellow River Delta Saline-Alkali Soil

为了合理利用黄河三角洲盐碱土地资源,改善盐碱地的生态环境,在黄河三角洲滨州市阳信县盐碱地试验区,选取5种有代表性的耐盐植物（田菁、紫花苜蓿、菊苣、甜高粱、白花草木樨）进行改良试验,探究不同类型耐盐植物对盐碱土的改良效果及机理.经过3年（2011-2013）的人工种植试验,结果表明：①种植5种耐盐改良植物耕作层土壤容重均发生了不同程度的降低,表层（0～20 cm）容重降低最为显著,与基础数据对照平均容重降低率为：紫花苜蓿21.27％＞白花草木樨20.69％＞田菁16.77％＞甜高粱10.58％＞菊苣10.31％.②与基础数据相比：田菁、紫花苜蓿、菊苣、甜高粱、白花草木樨土壤的初始入渗率分别是对照的2.53倍、3.80倍、2.30倍2.46倍和3.55倍,稳定入渗率分别是对照的2.88倍、4.76倍、2.39倍、2.42倍和4.08倍.③耐盐植物具有明显的脱盐效果,表层土壤0～20 cm的脱盐率大于深层20～60 cm,土壤平均盐分降低为：紫花苜蓿41.81％＞田菁35.93％＞白花草木樨30.82％＞菊苣27.52％＞甜高粱24.21％.④土壤pH轻度降低,0～20 cm土壤pH的降低大于20～40 cm和40～60 cm土层.由此可知,5种耐盐植物对盐碱土都有明显的生物改良作用,且不同类型耐盐植物的改良效果具有一定差异.

To use the saline-alkali soil resources of the Yellow River Delta rationally, we improved the ecological environment of sa- line-alkali land, in Yangxin County saline-alkali soil experiment area of the Yellow River Delta, we selected five kinds of salt-tolerant plants （Sesbania, Alfalfa, Chicory, Sweet Sorghum, White Sweet clover） to conduct biological improvement of saline-alkali soil tests. After three years （2011 to 2013） experimental studies showed.. ①Planting five types of salt-tolerant plants arable layer of soil bulk density was significantly lower, surface （0 to 20 era）bulk density decreased most significant. And contrast with basic data, the average bulk density reduction rates were as follows： Alfalfa 21. 27%〉White sweet clover 20. 69 %,〉Sesbanial6.77%〉Sweet sor- ghuml0. 58%〉Chicory10.31%. ② Compared with basic data, Sesbania, alfalfa, chicory, sweet sorghum, white sweet clover＇s ini- tial soil infiltration rate were basic data＇s 2. 53 times, 3.80 times, 2. 30 times and 3.55 times 2. 46 times. Stable infiltration rates are basic data＇s 2. 88 times, 4. 76 times, 2. 39 times, 2. 42 times and 4. 08 times. ③ Salt- tolerant plants had obviously desalination effects, surface soil 0 to 20 cm of desalination was more than deep soil 20 to the 60 cm. They were reduced average soil salinities： al falfa 41.81%〉sesbania35.93% 〉white sweet clover 30. 82% 〉chieory 27. 52% 〉 sweet sorghum 24. 21%. ④soil pH decreased slightly or no significant change, surface soil 0 to 20 cm reduction rate was more than deep soil 20 to the 60 cm. In summary, the five types of salt-tolerant plants have obvious biological improvement of saline-alkali soil, improving effect of different types of salt- tolerant plants with a certain difference.