基于元胞自动机模型的人员疏散行为模拟

Simulation on Personnel Evacuation Behavior Based on Cellular Automata Model

通过引入静态场、动态场及其他参数,建立了二维元胞自动机模型,并利用MATLAB编写模拟软件,可实现对人员疏散过程中的环境熟悉度、从众行为、摩擦阻碍作用、惯性行为、拥挤跌倒行为和竞争行为的模拟。通过实例仿真模拟结果表明:不同的期望速度下会出现"欲速则不达"的现象,同时出口处会产生不同程度的人员聚集;出口处障碍物相对出口纵向放置比横向放置更有利于人员疏散;在疏散环境陌生,或紧急情况下对环境判断能力降低时,适当的从众行为利于最优疏散路径信息的传递,从而有利于人员疏散,但是从众行为过于严重则易造成出口利用率降低或利用不平衡。

With the introduction of static and dynamic field and other parameters,this paper sets up a twodimensional cellular automata model in MATLAB which can simulate the environment familiarity,herding behavior,friction interaction,inertial behavior,falling and crowding and competition behavior in personnel evacuation process.The simulating result shows that under different expectation speeds the phenomenon of＂more haste,less speed＂appears,and persons＇clustering of different degrees also occurs at the exit at the same time;besides,longitudinal placement of obstacles relative to the exits is more beneficial to the evacuation than transverse placement.When people are not familiar with the environment in emergency,conformity behavior is not always harmful.Appropriate conformity behavior is conducive to the information transmission of the optimal evacuation path,and thus helps to evacuate,while over-severe conformity behavior leads to reduced or unbalanced utilization of exits.