肥饲兼用型绿豆品种的引种栽培与评价

Introduction and evaluation of Phaseolus aureus varieties used for green manure and feed

为了筛选适宜于安徽地区种植的肥饲兼用型绿豆品种,于2012—2013年在安徽科技学院进行田间试验和盆栽试验,对5个绿豆品种进行评价,记载各品种的根、茎、叶、花、荚果及种子的形态特征、生长特性及产量,测定各品种在盛花期的根瘤量和氮、磷、钾、铁、锌养分含量及粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、氨基酸含量。结果表明：根瘤量可达地下部总重的16%～38%;供试品种中,小槐花花叶绿豆的产青量和干物量最大,种子产量、蛋白质产量最高,富集氮、磷、钾、铁、锌养分的能力最强;铜山小绿豆和大花叶子绿豆鲜草水分含量较高,而粗纤维含量较低,饲用适口性好。从产青量、干物量、营养价值、养分富集能力和生育期等方面综合考虑,初步认为小槐花花叶绿豆和大花叶子绿豆适宜在安徽地区种植推广。

Experiments of cultivated in fields and in pots were established to evaluate 5 Phaseolus aureus varieties in Anhui province in 2012–2013. The objective of those experiments was to select optimum both green manure and feed crop varieties for Anhui area. The characters of the 5 varieties on roots, stems, leaves, flowers, pods and seeds were recorded in detail. Their growth characters and yields were surveyed. Weight of root nodule, content of nutrients such as N, P, K, Fe and Zn, content of nutrition matter such as crude protein,crude fat,crude fiber and amino acid in the varieties＇ plants were measured in full bloom. The results showed that weight of root nodule were 16%–38% of the underground parts. Small robinia-flower lace-leaf P. aureus（SRLPA） was the largest of the varieties on seed yield, fresh-grass yield, dry matter yield, protein yield, capacity of accumulating nutrients such as N, P, K, Fe and Zn. Tongshan Small P. aureus（TSPA） and Big Lace-leaf P. aureus（BLPA） were more palatable for animal because of lower crude fiber and higher water in the fresh-grasses. Calculations were made based on mean of the varieties on capacity of nutrients accumulation, which showed that quantity of applying chemical N fertilizer would reduce 35% as green manuring. To make a comprehensive survey base on fresh-grass yield, dry matter yield,nutritional value, capacity of accumulating nutrients and growth stage, two optimum varieties were selected initially for Anhui area. They were SRLPA and BLPA.