规模化养殖场和养殖小区产奶牛生产水平及成本利润的动态研究

The dynamic study on the production levels,costs,and profits of milking dairy cows from scaled dairy farms and dairy farming communities

为了探讨规模化养殖场和养殖小区产奶牛生产水平及成本利润的动态变化,选择奶牛规模化养殖场和养殖小区各6个,在2,5,8月份分别测定产奶牛采食量和产奶量,计算成本和收益,进行效益的敏感性分析和动态分析。结果表明:规模化养殖场产奶牛干物质采食量、料奶比、产奶量、乳脂率均显著高于养殖小区(P≤0.05);产奶牛的收入和成本规模化养殖场虽都显著高于养殖小区,但效益也显著高于养殖小区。动态分析的临界点、牛奶价格、产奶量、采食量和饲料价格规模化养殖场均大于养殖小区。规模化养殖场效益的平衡点低于养殖小区。说明奶牛规模化养殖场的生产水平、收益和市场抗风险能力高于奶牛养殖小区。

To investigate the dynamic changes in production levels, costs, and protits ot milking dairy cows lrom sealed dairy larms and dairy farming communities. The dry matter intake, milk yield and milk composition of milking dairy cows were determined in six scaled dairy farms and six dairy farming communities in February, May, and August, respectively, and the costs and benefits of each farm were also calculated for the sensitivity analysis and dynamic analysis, respectively. The results showed that the sealed dairy farms were significantly higher （P ≤0.05 ） than dairy farming communities in dry matter intake, feed conversion rate, milk yield, milk fat content of the milking dairy cows. Although the scaled dairy farms were significantly higher than dairy farming communities in the incomes and the costs of the milking dairy cows, the former was also significantly higher than the latter in the profits. The scaled dairy farms were higher than dairy farming communities in the critical point of milk prices, milk yield, feed intake and feed prices. The scaled dairy farms were lower than dairy farming communities in the balance of economic point. The results indicate that the production levels, profits, and the ability to resist market risk of marker of the scaled dairy farms are higher than those of dairy farming communities.