海洋生态损失过程中的群体经济行为分析

Analysis of economic behavior of the groups in the process of the marine ecosystem loss

在开发和利用海洋生态资源的过程中,由于不完全市场的存在以及外部性、公共物品性和产权不明晰的原因导致市场失灵,而由于政府政策不合理以及自身的管理缺陷,使得政府规制不但不能纠正市场失灵,反而会进一步使市场扭曲,出现政府失灵。在市场失灵和政府失灵的情况下,政府、渔民及从事海洋资源开发活动的企业群体之间或群体内部存在着博弈行为、寻租行为和搭便车的行为,造成了严重的海洋生态损失。因此,为了少海洋生态损失,政府必须建立和完善海洋生态补偿机制。

In the process of the development of marine ecological resources, the market system does not work because of the incomplete market, the externalities, the public goods nature and the unclear property of the marine ecological resources. Due to the government policy is unreasonable and its own management deficiencies, the government can not correct market failures. In this case, there exits game behavior, rent-seeking behavior and free-riding behavior between government groups, fisherman groups and corporate groups who are engaged in the development of marine resources or within the groups, resulting in serious loss of marine ecology. In order to less the loss of marine ecology, the government must establish a sound marine ecological resources market mechanisms and restraint and incentive mechanisms. Thus the goal of sustainable use of marine ecological resources can be achieved.