人权领域之国家豁免规则的新发展——兼论我国的国家豁免立法

Influence of human rights protection: on state immunity rules and corresponding measures—— on state immunity legislation in China

保护人权的国际强行法规则是否可列为国家豁免规则的例外,已成为后者发展中面临的新问题。实践表明,国家豁免规则可以与强行法共存,二者在程序和实体上拥有不同的属性,为此,在违反人权情形下援引国家豁免规则应区分公私行为性质、分清损害对象,敦促违反国在诉讼程序外承担"非免责性"后果。在国际交往愈加频繁深刻的时代背景下,国家豁免规则的具体落实更依赖于国内法律制度的完善,而中国进行专门的国家豁免立法是时代的必然。

With the development of a large number of human rights rules are becoming jus cogens, the issue on whether individuals or countries can invoke jus cognes to exclude the application of sate immunity in the court of mischief has been further developed in theory and practice. State practice shows that state immunity and jus cogens can coexist and the two have different attributes on procedural and substantive aspects. Thus the prosecuting country should distinguish acts of nature, distinguish victims and push the violating country to bear the‘non-exemption’ responsibility when citing state immunity in the case of human right violations. In the era of increasingly and profoundly frequent international exchanges, the specific implementation of the state immunity rules are more dependent on sound domestic legal system, thus formulating the specialized Chinese legislation on state immunity is inevitable.