辨伪与造伪并存——《四部正讹》成书前的明代辨伪学

Distinguishing textual forgery and forge did coexist: distinguishing pseudoscience of Ming Dynasty before the book of Si Bu Zheng E was completed

《四部正讹》是明代辨伪学最闪耀的成果,但在其成书前,明代辨伪学却面临着许多困境,如丰坊的以伪证伪,杨慎、王世贞等辨伪的同时又造伪。之所以会出现如此复杂的局面,有学者的好奇炫博,有商家的牟利,特别是面对经学复兴、文学复古等运动时,辨伪者为了实现特定的目标,而忽视辨伪或者有意造伪。而《四部正讹》的成书,不仅是胡应麟个人文献辨伪经验的总结,还在于能合理地吸收此前学者们的辨伪经验与教训。

The Si Bu Zheng E（四部正讹） was one of the most brilliant achievements, but distinguishing pseudoscience of Ming Dynasty was confronted with many difficult situations when the book was completed. Such as Feng Fang’s forge to distinguishing textual forgery, Yang Shen and Wang Shizhen distinguishing textual forgery and forge at the same time. The reasons for this situation, including some scholar’s curious and self-display, and merchants for profit, especially when scholars faced events which the revival of original confucianism and literary back to the ancient ideology, will ignore distinguishing textual forgery or intentionally forge in order to achieve specific goals. The reason of writing Si Bu Zheng E was not only the summary of Hu Yinglin’s personal experience of distinguishing textual forgery, but also the absorption of the previous scholars’ experiences and lessons.