从韩国传统公私观看其近代民族国家建设问题

Korea's Modern Nation State Building Problem and Its Adaptation to Modern International Order:from the Perspective of Traditional Idea of Gongsi (Publicness and Privateness)

现代民族国家诞生于欧洲的特殊历史背景下,其背后是民族主义的竞争逻辑,因此它亦拥有巨大的国家动员能力。近代时期,东亚三国之要务在于建成现代民族国家以抵御外侮,但唯有日本获得成功,中韩两国均遭遇重大挫折。思想观念上的一个重要原因在于中韩两国与日本传统公私观的不同。在思想与政治上受到中国巨大影响的朝鲜王朝,其超越狭隘民族意识的儒家"天下为公"思想使其在现代民族国家和现代国际体系的竞争逻辑面前表现出诸多不适应。但这种看似具有时代局限性的普遍主义思想,或许却能够为解决今天东亚地区的各种悬案提供一些思想资源,成为新的国际关系形态的指导精神。

Modem nation state was firstly born in Europe with its special historical context,and behind it is hostile nationalism with awareness of clear boundary between each other, andblatant logic of life-and-death competition. At the same time it boasts incredible power tomobilize internal resources to generate strong national strength. In the latter part of 19th century,the three countries in East Asia were confi＇onted with the urgent task of transforming thetraditional state system into modem nation state to resist external pressures and threats fromWestern powers. However, only Japan succeeded. Both China and Korea experienced severesetbacks. One of the critical reasons for this can be found from the differences in the threecountries＇ traditional idea of Gongsi （publicness and privateness） . Traditional Korea＇s Confucianbelief of ＂regarding the whole world as one community＂ （天下为公） made Korea insensitivetoward the nature of modem state and modem international relations. Korea was souncomfortable with the hostile nationalism behind modem nation state and the competitive logicbehind modem international system. Although it seems to have exposed some limits during theage of imperialism, this traditional Confucian belief may provide rich cultural resources inresolving the many unsettled issues in East Asia, and become the principles of new type ofinternational relations.