周诗体式生成论:文化文体学的视角

On the Formation of the Style of the Book of Poetry:From the Perspective of Studies of Cultural Stylistics

从文化文体学视角考察,周诗体式是在人们的文化实践中历史地生成的。远古仪式中祝祷咏诵歌辞与日常语言疏离的"齐言化倾向"以及商代仪式咏诵歌辞的齐言化,是其生成的历史文化渊源;周代仪式音乐水平及咏诵技艺的提升,是诗体韵化与"四言体"逐渐规范化的技术性发生机制;周诗的两种"复章体",是诗体建构中雅、俗歌曲文化融汇的体现。周诗体式的生成过程,是在文士的个人雅言写作、民间歌辞的雅言翻写与既存雅言歌辞的再书写中具体展开的;文士群体雅言诗体的集体书写方式与追求形式上的整饬化、美感化,是周诗体式建构和完型的根本机制。文化文体学的学术目标,即在于通过文体生态学、文体功能学与文体行为学的贯通考察,将单一的、静态的文体形态学扩展为立体的、动态的文体发生学研究,揭示文体历史生成过程中的文化意义。

From the perspective of cultural stylistics,the style of the Book of Poetry was developed historically through people's cultural practice.The 'tendency toward lines of equal length,'which departed from daily language in ancient ritual prayers and chants,along with the development of this form in Shang ritual,were the historical and cultural sources of the style of the Book of Poetry.The improvement of ritual music and chanting skills in the Zhou Dynasty is a technical mechanism for the genesis of rhymes and gradual standardization of 'four-character lines'in poetic style;the two kinds of 'multi-strophe styles'of the Book of poetry are a sign of the synthesis of subculture of refined and popular songs in the construction of poetic form.The course of genesis of the style of the Book of Poetry was concretely unfolded in the writings of literary individuals in refined diction,the rewriting of folk songs in refined language,and the rewriting of existing refined verses;the collective composing mode of the literati's poetic style in refined phrasing and their pursuit of regular and beautified forms were the fundamental mechanism of the formation and accomplishment of Zhou poetic style.The academic goal of cultural stylistics is,through the comprehensive review of stylistic ecology,stylistic functional studies and stylistic ethology,to expand the single and static stylistic morphology into a multi-dimensional and dynamic stylistic genealogy,disclosing the cultural meanings in the course of genesis of styles in history.