改变世界的哲学现实观

The Philosophical View of Reality as a Means of Changing the World

对马克思而言,对现实的思考从来都不是一个单纯的理论问题,而是一个重大的实践问题。马克思的现实观是对黑格尔现实观的继承和超越。黑格尔现实观的核心之点在于理性与现实的和解,体现了思维与存在的统一性逻辑。马克思通过对异化劳动的剖析发现了思维与存在的异质性,从而打碎理性与现实的和解,把现实从绝对精神的阴影王国中拯救出来,凸显了独立于思维的现实。马克思视域中的现实是历史性和开放性的过程性存在。马克思吸收并改造了黑格尔的"圆圈式论证方式"来把握现实。马克思现实观的最终旨趣不是解释现实,而是改变现实。改变现实的路径不是诉诸理论批判,而是现实革命。

For Karl Marx,reflection on reality was never a purely theoretical issue;rather,it was a major question for the here and now.Marx's view of reality carried forward and transcended that of Hegel.The key point of Hegel's ideas in this respect lay in reconciling reason and reality through the logic of the identity of thought and being.Through his analysis of alienated labor,Marx discovered that thought and being are different in nature,thereby shattering the accord between reason and reality.He thus saved reality from the shadow kingdom of absolute spirit,highlighting a reality that was independent of thought.In his eyes,reality was the process existence of history and openness.He absorbed and transformed Hegel's circular method of arguing in order to grasp reality.The ultimate aim of Marx's idea of reality was not to explain reality but to change it,not through theoretical critiques but through real revolution.