李觏的社会结构论

Li Gou's Theory on Social Structure

李觏认为社会生活的内容、观念、规范和设施构成社会结构的基本框架。饮食、衣服、宫室、器皿、夫妇、父子、长幼、君臣、上下、师友、宾客、死丧、祭祀等社会生活的内容是"礼之本",其中,饮食、衣服、宫室、器皿构成社会结构的物质基础,器皿中所隐含的生产工具、交通工具在社会生活中不可或缺。"礼"是整个社会结构的核心,统领乐、政、刑"礼之三支"和仁、义、智、信"礼之四名"。"礼之四名"相当于思想上层建筑,"礼之三支"相当于政治上层建筑。"礼之三支"是在"礼之四名"的指导下建立起来的,体现、维护着"礼之四名";"礼之四名"凭借"礼之三支"得以传播与贯彻。

According to Li Gou＆#39;s opinion, basic framework of the social structure consists of the contents, the notions, the institutions and the infrastructure of the social life. Contents of social life like diet, clothing, palace, household utensils, husband and wife, father and son, sovereign and subject, superior and subordinate, teachers and friends, guests, death and funeral, sacrifice are the foundation or root of rites. Among them, diet, clothing, palace, household utensils are the material basis of the social structure. Among household utensils, tools of production and means of transportation are necessary in social life. Rites are core of the whole social life, commanding the three stems of rites： music, governance, and punishment and four manifestations of rites： benevolence, righteousness, wisdom and credibility. The four manifestations of rites are the equivalent of the ideological superstructure while the three stems or branches of rites are the equivalent of the political superstructure. The three stems of rites are constructed under the guidance of the four manifestations of rites and manifest and protect the four manifestations of rites. The four manifestations are disseminated and practiced on the basis of the three stems of rites.