康德论人之尊严与国家尊严

On Human Dignity and State Dignity in Kant's Theory

康德是人之尊严观念的奠基者。相比起广受关注的人之尊严理论,他的国家尊严理论少为国内学界注意。文章以二者为主题,首先深入调查人之尊严理论,进而分析怎样的国家尊严可以有效保障人之尊严,特别关注和重建了康德的国家分权理论。最后反思二者之间的关系,指出理性推理只是人之尊严的一个维度,感性决断同样重要,寻找到二者在国家权力划分上的合比例关系,对于精确区分不同的国家权力以及保障人之尊严都意义重大。

Kant is in generally considered as the founder of the theory of human dignity. In contrast with his famous theory of human dignity,his theory of state dignity is hardly paid attention to by the domestic intellectuals. This article focuses on the relation between them. Kant's theory of human dignity is firstly examined in details. Then it comes into question,how to protect the human dignity by the state dignity and the powers separation,which must be theoretically reconstructed. Since it concerns not only reasonable person,but also sensual person in the human dignity,the decision making played also an important role besides the reasonable inference. Searching for the proportional relation between the decision making and the reasonable inference,therefore,is very meaningful to precisely distinguish the powers and to effectively protect human dignity.