哲学咨询视野中文化对精神疾患的塑形——兼论哲学咨询师的“价值中立”问题

How Culture Structures Shape Spiritual Illnesses——From the View of Philosophical Counseling

人类在生存的基本处境之中,要面对一些普遍的挑战和共同的问题。这些共同性质的精神疾患,在不同的文化结构及其塑造的人格结构中,会有不同的表现,也即文化结构对精神疾患起到塑形的作用。通过分析和比较中西文化所各自产生的经典心灵困惑类型,可以发现,两者在安放人生和心灵上具有互补性,因而这两种文化所提供的哲学咨询理论资源可以互相借鉴,但这种借鉴必须通过各自文化自身的创造性转化来实现。作为哲学咨询的一般形态,它有理由且必须是价值中立的,而作为哲学咨询的高级形态,它同时承担着文化的重构角色,不必保持价值中立。

In the basic circumstances of human existence,people must confront with some common challenges and problems,such as how to set the meaning of life,how to face and transcend death,how to solve the conflict between individual and society,etc. The fundamental assumption of this paper is: inso far as different cultural structures and personality structures,these spiritual disturbances and even spiritual diseases have different performances: some problems only appear in specific culture and personality; some universal problems will disappear if certain culture has great explanatory power in these fields; and some problems have different presentation in different cultures and personalities. This paper tries to analyse and compare typical spiritual disturbances arising from Chinese and western cultural /personality structures. And then the article points out,as to settle the soul and life,Chinese culture and western culture are complementary,so the theoretical resource of philosophical counseling of the two can learn from each other,while this learn can only realize through creative transformation of each cultures.