台湾地方基层行政管理体制变迁及影响分析

On the Taiwan Grass-Roots Governmental Administration System:Its Development and Influence

传统西方分权理论中的"奥茨定理"认为,权力向基层政府下放,有助于改善公共服务。然而在台湾都市化进程中,2010年台湾部分县市合并升格为直辖市,以此同时,原有的乡镇政府改为从属于市(直辖市)的区,基层政府的权力出现向县市一级政府集中的现象。在对台湾基层政府体制沿革历史梳理基础上,作者通过实地调研,对这一基层行政体制调整的动因、特点、内容及影响进行了分析。本研究发现,台湾都市化进程中,基层政府权力向上集中有利于提升行政效率和公共服务规模效益的需求,得到广泛社会认同,但同时,也导致国民党对基层的控制有所减弱,对台湾的政治生态具有深远影响。

According to traditional decentralization theory, the efficiency of public service will be improved if more power is allocated to local government. However, with urbanization process, several counties and cities in Taiwan are integrated to be municipalities in 2010, and hence self-governing villages and towns in those counties and cities are changed to be subordinate districts of the municipalities, which is obviously an adjustment of administrative system towards centralization. Therefore, based on literature analysis and field work, we analyze the motivation, features, contents and influence of the centralization. The conclusion shows that the administrative adjustment is helpful to promoting administrative efficiency and scale efficiency of public service, which, thus, would be supported by Taiwan society. At the same time, Kuomintang＇s domination over the localities will be weakened, which would bring about a far-reaching impact on Taiwan political environment.