欧洲视域下的国际关系研究

The Study of International Relations from the European Perspective

欧洲的国际关系研究具有深厚的思想文化渊源和学术理论基础。以马基雅维利、格老秀斯、洛克、康德等为代表的欧洲思想家和政治家创造性地发展了国家主权、国家利益、国际法、社会契约、国家分权等概念或理论。欧洲的国际关系研究的发展虽然屡经挫折,但是始终学脉不断,逐渐从法学和政治学科中独立出来,形成了有别于美国主流国际关系学科的研究特色。它既有占据国际学术前沿的和平与安全研究、欧洲一体化与欧洲治理研究、全球治理以及国际社会理论研究,也有诸如年鉴学派、法兰克福学派等坚守欧洲学术传统的理论流派。还有一些植根于欧洲的理论或在美国发扬光大,或被美国主流研究所同化。由于具有自身特有的历史文化、学术传统和学科结构,欧洲的国际关系研究表现出整体发展不平衡、开放性与封闭性并存、面临保持传统与美国化的两难选择、研究领域趋同、偏爱规范研究方法等特点,也面临着语言障碍、研究差异大等诸多不利条件。

The study of European international relations(IR) has a solid ideological and cultural origin and theoretical academic foundation.Though its development repeatedly meets with setbacks,the learning roots are incessant,and the study of European IR has gradually gained independence from the disciplines of Law and Politics,and forms research characteristics which are different from the U.S.mainstream IR discipline.The study of European IR involves the frontier academic research fields in the world,the research schools who stick to the European academic tradition,the theories planting in Europe or carrying forward in the U.S.,and some research assimilated by the U.S.mainstream IR discipline.The study of European IR demonstrates the features of the imbalance of the overall development,the coexistence of openness and closeness,the dilemma between maintaining a tradition and Americanization,convergence of research fields and the preference of normative research methods.It also faces many disadvantages such as language barrier,wide variations on research,etc.