现代化进程中的民族问题

The Issue of Nation in the Process of Modernization

现代化进程中的民族问题的核心是如何解决民族分裂问题。民族主义有助于现代主权国家的建立,同样也提供了继续分裂现有多民族国家的思想基础。一个现代主权国家的建立和巩固取决于内部和外部的诸种因素;也取决于这一区域内的主导政治力量能否在历史给定的条件下,迅速完成现代国家的构建任务,并在一个新的国家平台上解决自身的民族问题。现代主权国家是"民族的国家"而非简单的"民族国家",主权国家才是现代国家的实质性内核。由于各个民族国家的构建时间、国际环境、历史传承和综合国力的差异,强势国家往往具有左右其他国家民族问题走向的能力。因此,现代化进程中的民族问题本质上是一个发展主导权问题。

The core of the issue of nation in the process of modernization is how to resolve separatism motivated by political difference of a nation.Nationalism is conducive to the establishment of a sovereign state.It also provides an ideological basis for separatism in a multi-ethnic state.The successful establishment and consolidation of a sovereign state depend on both internal and external factors.One essential factor is whether the leading political force can speedily construct the modern state and resolve the ethnic issue.It must be realized that modern state is ' the state of the nations',rather than ' nation state'.Owing to the differences of the states in the history,the international environment,the historical tradition and overall national strength,the strong states are usually capable of manipulating the weak states on how to resolve the issue of nation.Therefore,the issue of nation is fundamentally an issue of who holds the power.