“出口导向”特征缘何阻碍中国攀升全球价值链?——基于“生产-消费”分离成本作用机制分析

How does the Feature of Export-oriented Development affect China's Position in Global Value Chain?

在全球价值链分工模式下,中间产品生产的区位配置与最终产品的消费市场存在着生产地和消费地的普遍分离现象,并会由此导致一个额外的"生产-消费"分离成本。而在"生产-消费"分离成本作用下,各国最终产品需求规模对各自专业化价值链条上的"临界点"具有决定性影响。因此,具有"出口导向"特征的国家,由于对最终产品消费比重低从而制约了价值链高端向本国的转移。中国目前发展的是实质上的开放型经济,但受到体制、机制以及思想观念等影响,对外贸易又的确表现出显著的"出口导向"表象。因此,进一步深化改革,破除体制、机制以及思想观念等约束,改变"出口导向"特征的外贸发展方式,对于加快中国攀升全球价值链,具有十分重要的政策含义。

As for China＇s moving up in the global value chain（GVC）, academic researchesfocus mostly on the function of local factors＇ upgrading and producer services＇ development,but neglect the potential impact of export-oriented development. In fact, under thebackground of GVC, it is very common that the location of intermediate productionseparates from the consuming market of final product, which will naturally incur the extracost of ＂separation of production and consumption＂. Based on the minimum cost of produceragent, this paper establishes a theoretical model to analyze the impact of export-orienteddevelopment on China＇s position in GVC. It finds that the scale of consumption for a finalproduct exerts a deep impact on the ability to locate its position in GVC. Although Chinais developing open economy instead of export-oriented economy at present, yet underconstraints of institution, mechanism and notions, China＇s trade is actually still featuredwith export-oriented development. Therefore, taking further steps to deepen the reform inorder to release the constraints has an important implication for China to move up in GVC.