自然与文化的对立统一——谈生态符号学研究的理论核心

The Unity of Opposites between Nature and Culture:On the Theoretical Orientation of Ecosemiotic Studies

自19世纪中叶生态学研究获得巨大发展后,生态危机的概念不仅影响到归属自然科学的生物学、动物学和植物学等学科的研究,也通过隐喻的概念,延伸到人类学、文学、符号学、语言学、社会学、教育学等学科。本文重点介绍生态学与符号学的结合(生态符号学或符号生态学)的简要过程,不同理论和学派的侧重点,包括塔尔图——莫斯科学派,Sebeok的动物符号学模式,Nth的宇宙整体观,Uexkul的客观环境论,Kull的主体人类生态学,Deely的生物中心主义,Hoffmeyer的文化、内部自然和外部自然的三维观。作者认为,生态符号学研究的理论核心实际上是从自然与文化的对立统一关系的视角,探讨符号的起源、作用和演变。

Since the development of semiology beginning from the mid-19 th century,the concept of ecological crisis has influenced not only biology,zoology and botany,which belong to natural science,but has also extended,through metaphorisation,to those disciplines such as anthropology,literature,semiotics,linguistics,sociology,pedagogy,etc.This paper mainly deals with a brief introduction to the combination of ecology and semiotics—ecological semiotics or semiotic ecology,and the basic notions of various theories and schools,including Tarty-Moscow School,Sebeok's model of zoological semiotics,Nth's integral view of the universe,Uexkull's contextualism,Kull's subjective anthropological semiotics,Deely's biocentralism,and Hoffmeyer's 3-dimensional view of culture,internal nature and external nature.The present writer holds that the theoretical orientation of ecosemiotics is to explore the origin,function,and evolution from the perspectives of the unity of opposites between nature and culture.