农村产权改革:认知冲突与操作难题

Rural Property Right Reform: Contradiction in Cognition and Problems in Operation

完成农村产权改革的艰巨任务,必须破除关于产权的意识形态的规定性,用技术性思维理解产权改革的意义。国民共同共有产权、社区共同共有产权、按份共有产权以及私人产权,各自适用于不同经济属性资产配置要求,如果错乱配置必导致效率、平等与稳定的同时缺失。中国传统集体经济制度的主要弊端,便是用唯一的社区共同共有产权形式配伍复杂的农村社会经济活动,将农民的社区成员权与经济组织成员权搅和在一起,引起一系列基本社会经济关系的扭曲。农村产权改革的基本方略,是依据产权配置的技术性要求,在农业经济的竞争性领域以农民可退出的合作经济组织替代现行集体经济组织,形成可交易的成员权;在农村公共服务领域以普惠性的社区共有产权替代以户籍为取舍标准的歧视性共有产权,形成平等的居民权。改革的突破口是土地承包权或集体股权的明晰化、土地要素的市场化以及政府对土地规划及用途管理的科学化。

In order to fulfill the arduous task of rural property reform, we must eradicate the ideological description on property right, and understand the significance of property right reform by a technical thinking. The national commonly-owned property right, the community commonly-owned property right, the shared commonly-owned property right, as well as private property right, are respectively suitable to different property allocation requirements of different economical nature. The wrong allocation is sure to lead to a simultaneous lost of efficiency, equality and stable. The basic strategy of the rural property right reform is to substitute the present collective economical organization with a co-operative economical organization in which the peasants can quit in competition in agricultural economy according to the technical requirements of property allocation, and to form an exchangeable right for members. In rural public service, the discriminating commonly-owned property right by census register system should be substituted by the community commonly-owned property right with general benefit, and to form an equal residential right. The key points lie at a clarification of land contract right or the right of collective shares, a market of land factor, and a government＇s scientific management over the planning and the use of land