从MOOC到SPOC——基于加州大学伯克利分校和清华大学MOOC实践的学术对话

From MOOC to SPOC:Lessons from MOOC at Tsinghua and UC Berkeley

MOOC会颠覆传统大学教学方式么?这是MOOC从狂热追捧到理性反思过程中一直热议的一个话题。世界各地的教育工作者都希望借助MOOC的力量,探索出一种新的教学模式来提升现代高等教育的质量和效率。美国加州大学伯克利分校的阿曼多·福克斯教授提出小规模私有在线课程(SPOC)概念,在加州大学伯克利分校和清华大学的混合式教学实践中取得良好效果。SPOC是MOOC与传统校园教学的有机融合,是针对小规模、特定人群的通过MOOC资源来改变传统高等教育现状的一种解决方案,其基本形式是在传统校园课堂采用MOOC讲座视频或在线评价等功能辅助课堂教学。SPOC利用MOOC的规模效应,分摊高质量教学内容的人均成本,获取通过大数据来进行教学研究的机会,弥补了MOOC较之传统教学的局限。因此它既不是MOOC的对立竞争模式,也不是传统的在线课程。MOOC和SPOC的发展应该同步进行,相互促进,进而提升课堂教学的质量和效率。

Will MOOCs （Massive Open Online Courses） disrupt the traditional higher education？ Academics and practitioners have been discussing about this question since MOOCs become a global phenomena, in the hope that MOOCs become an effective way to improve both the efficiency and quality of modern education. ProfessorArmando Fox from University of California at Berkeley proposed SPOC （Small Private Online Course）, an effective application of MOOCs in higher education. A SPOC is a reduced-scale adoption of a MOOC, targeting a specific group of learners. Using multimedia contents and features, such as auto-grader, from a MOOC and pedagogies such as blended learning, a SPOC organically integrates MOOC into traditional on-campus classrooms. SPOCs are neither alternatives to MOOCs nor traditional online courses. While overcoming the limitations of MOOCs, SPOCs lower the cost of high-quality courses through MOOC＇s economy of scale, and enjoy the same pedagogical big data from MOOCs. We expect MOOCs and SPOCs both grow significantly in the near future, providing a positive impact on the quality and efficiency of campus education.