非位似偏好、本地市场效应与技能溢价

Non-homothetic Preferences,Home Market Effects and Skill Premiums

本文在技能溢价理论的基础上,放松位似偏好假设,并引入本地市场效应,建立一般均衡模型,探讨非位似偏好、本地市场效应对技能溢价的内在影响机制,并提出相应的理论假说。同时,利用1999—2011年我国制造业28个细分行业面板数据,通过设定不同的国际贸易量-贸易成本弹性,测度非位似偏好指标,进而对理论假说进行实证检验。研究结果表明:第一,在非位似偏好假设下,居民消费结构的变化带动了生产者对高技能劳动力的相对需求的变化,扩大了技能溢价的水平;第二,当行业出现本地市场效应时,非位似偏好对技能溢价存在倒"U"型影响,即本地市场效应强度超过某一限度后,非位似偏好反而会缩小技能溢价。

On the basis of skill premiums theory, releasing the assumption of homotheticpreferences and introducing the home market effects, the paper constructs a general equilib-rium model which is used to analyze the effect mechanism of non-homothetic preferencesand home marker effects on the skill premiums, and then related theoretical hypothesis hasbeen put forward. Meanwhile, using the panel data of twenty-eight Chinese manufacturingindustries from 1999 to 2011, the paper sets different trade elasticities and measures non-homothetic preferences to test the theoretical hypothesis. The results show that firstly,with non-homothetic preferences, the change of residents＇consumption structure impelsproducers to amplify the relative demand of skilled labors and then the level of skill premi-ums is enhanced. Secondly, if the home market effects appeared in the industry, non-homothetic preferences would have an inverted ＂U＂ type influence on skill premiums,which means when home market effects exceeded a certain range, non-homothetic prefer-ences would reduce the level of skill premiums.