青海民和甘沟话的多功能格标记“哈”

The Multi-functional Case Marker [xa]哈 in Gangou Chinese Dialect in Minhe Hui and Monguor Autonomous County,Qinghai Province

甘沟话的"哈"是一个多功能的语法形式,可以标记的题元角色相当广泛,包括一般受事、处置对象、役事、各种客事、接受者、受话者、受益者、替代对象、关涉对象、体验着、领有者,但是不能标记施事、受损者、来源等。"哈"可否省略受句法位置、论元的生命度、有定性、交际的明晰性等因素制约。"哈"在句法分布上有粘着程度的不同,在语法性质上不是话题标记,而是一个"后置附着词"性质的格标记。

Gangou is a township located in Minhe Hui and Monguor Autonomous County,QinghaiProvince. It is a multi-ethnical area where Hui, Monguor, Tibetan, and Han peopledwell. Gangou Chinese dialect is a language with Chinese phonology and lexicon systems, butalso bare some morphosyntax characteristics of nearby Ahaic and Tibeto-Burman languages,such as the SOV word order and a set of case markers. Based on fieldwork, this study findsout that[xa]哈 in Gangou dialect is a multi-functional accusative- dative case marker assuminga wide range of thematic roles, including general patient, disposal patient, causee, recipient,addressee, benefactive, substitutive, experiencer and possessor, but excluding agent,malefactive or source, etc. Whether [xa] 哈 can be omitted depending on the syntacticposition, animacy and the definiteness of the NPs to which it is attached. [ xa] 哈 can be usedafter a topicsuggested.