晋宋之际北府地域学术群体之兴起及其学术文化风尚(上)

The Regional Academic Group of Beifu and Its Academic and Cultural Style at the Turn of Jin and Song Dynasties

晋宋之际,随着军政局势的变化,北府兵势力不断强大,成为推动晋宋变革的重要社会力量。与此同时,以京口为中心的北府地域学者早在晋孝武时期已受到重视,自刘裕掌权,特别是刘宋建国后,北府地域学人数量明显增长,出现了一些影响较大的代表性人物。可以说,晋宋之际学术史上出现了一个京口地域学术群体,并对南朝学术文化的发展产生了深远影响。北府地域学者不仅在地域上,而且在社会阶层上与北府尚武次等士族基本一致,或与刘宋皇族与勋贵联姻,或参与东晋末北府集团起事,有的则为北府勋贵之后。因此,可以说京口地域学者群体之兴起与北府勋贵集团之得势存有关联。京口学术群体代表人物普遍崇尚儒学,学风较为保守,并有倾向隐逸的特征,这与其所处之地域、社会阶层和学术传授等特点密切相关。晋宋之际北府儒者之兴起,还与当时门阀政治式微、皇权强化的政治变革有关。

At the turn of the Jin and Song dynasties （316- 479）, there appeared an academic group m Jingkou, which produced a far reading influence on the academic culture of the Southern Dynasty. The scholars in Jingkou were closely related with the royal family by marriage and nobles. These scholars val ued the Confucian ideas and their academic style was relatively conservative. At the same time, there was a feature of retiring in seclusion, which was associated with their region, social status, academic tradition and so on. In addition, the rise of this group was also related with the rise of Confucianism, the decline of the families of power and influence, and the politics strengthened by the royal power.