王士禛的文人雅集与康熙诗坛风尚的变迁——以清康熙己未(1679年)博学鸿儒科前后为重点考察时段

The Evolution of Poetic Style in Kang Xi ——Observed by the Literator's Gathering hold by Wang Shi Zhen around 1679

领袖式人物组织参与交游雅集是影响诗坛风貌的重要因素,也是观察诗风流变的独特视角。本文通过梳理与分析王士禛与博学鸿儒的交游雅集来观照清康熙诗坛的风尚变迁。1678年,清康熙帝诏开博学鸿儒科。博学鸿儒入京后,王士禛组织了一系列交游雅集活动,形成小圈子。他在小圈子中提倡神韵说,崇尚清新淡远、平和雅正的诗歌风貌,迎合了士人的审美趣味,淡化了社会矛盾,扭转了质实诗风。在诗学宗尚方面,王士禛传播宋诗风,但并不反对唐诗风,在一定程度上改变了专宗一朝一派的狭隘诗学观念,从而影响了诗坛大风气。

Gathering holding by central figure is an important factor affecting the evolution of poetic style and a special angle to observing the change of poetic style. Through gathering of the literators who took the erudite examination in1679 hold by ＂leader type character＂ Wang Shi Zhen, the thesis observes the evolution of poetic style in Kang Xi. In 1678, Kangxi Emperor issued an edict to hold Bo Xue Hong Ru examination. Wang Shi Zhen organized a series of gathering, forming a ＂coterie. ＂In the ＂small circle＂, Wang Shi Zhen advocated ＂Shen Yun＂ theory and poetry style of cleanness and lightness, diluting the so cial contradictions and reversing a real poetic style. He disseminated Song poetry fashion, no objection to Tang poetry fashion, affecting the poetry ＂great atmosphere. ＂