工会实践对企业绩效影响的实证研究

An Empirical Study on the Effect of Union Practice on Firm Performance

由于中国工会职能与欧、美等发达国家工会职能存在差异,欧、美等发达国家的工会实践对企业绩效影响的研究结论不能完全适用于中国。在对国内外文献梳理的基础上,通过深度访谈等研究方法,探索性地构建中国情境下以消极劳资关系氛围和积极劳资关系氛围为中介变量的工会实践对企业绩效影响概念模型,重点对工会实践的维度和企业绩效影响的机理展开分析,以433名非国有企业的员工为研究样本,运用SPSS和AMOS对模型进行验证。研究结果表明,工会实践的参与职能、教育职能和维护职能与企业绩效呈正相关关系,且参与职能和教育职能对企业绩效的影响比维护职能更显著,建设职能与企业绩效无显著相关关系;工会实践与积极劳资关系氛围呈显著正相关关系,与消极劳资关系氛围呈显著负相关关系;积极劳资关系氛围与企业绩效呈显著正相关关系,消极劳资关系氛围与企业绩效呈显著负相关关系;积极劳资关系氛围和消极劳资关系氛围在工会实践与企业绩效间起部分中介作用。研究结论不仅可以指导中国社会经济转型条件下企业与工会关系的建设实践,而且对中国构建和谐的劳资关系氛围具有重要的现实意义。

Due to different union functions between China and Western countries, research findings in Western countries on rela-tionships between union practice and firm performance are not suitable in the Chinese context. Based on the literature review andin-depth interviews, the paper constructs a research model to explore the impact of union practice on firm performance throughmediating effect of positive industrial relationship climate and negative industrial relationship climate in the context of China, fo-cusing the different dimensions of union practice on firm performance. Using the data from 433 employees in non-state-owned en-terprises, this paper employed SPSS and AMOS to test hypotheses. The findings indicate that union practice （ e. g. , participatingfunction, educating function and safeguarding function） has a positive effect on firm performance; compared to function of safe-guarding, functions of participating and educating has more significant impacts on firm performance, while function of construe-ting has no significant relationship with firm performance; union practice has a significantly positive effect on positive industrialrelationships climate; union practice has a significantly negative effect on negative industrial relationships climate; a positive in-dustrial relationship climate has a positive impact on firm performance; a negative industrial relationship climate has a negativeimpact on firm performance; positive and negative industrial relationship climate both play partial mediating roles between unionpractice and firm performance. These findings can not only direct the construction of firms and unions in the transition period ofChina, but also help to build a harmonious industrial relationship climate.