光周期诱导甘蔗花芽分化及成花逆转过程中生理代谢的变化

Changes of Sugarcane Flower Bud Differentiation Induced by Photoperiod and Physiological Metabolism in the Process of Flowering Reversion

以两个在自然条件下难开花的甘蔗品种‘ROC16’和‘ROC22’为材料,研究经光周期诱导甘蔗花芽分化和成花逆转过程中叶片碳水化合物和可溶性蛋白质含量的变化。结果表明,未分化前,两品种经光周期诱导后叶片可溶性总糖、淀粉和蛋白质含量与对照相比无明显变化;从花芽分化诱变期开始,两品种叶片可溶性总糖、淀粉和蛋白质含量迅速增加,明显高于对照(未分化)。随着花芽进一步分化,其叶片可溶性总糖、淀粉含量逐渐降低并低于对照,处在一个较低的水平,蛋白质含量始终高于对照。成花逆转植株在花芽分化前期叶片可溶性总糖、淀粉和蛋白质含量也高于对照,但低于正常抽穗开花植株;之后随着花芽分化的停止,其叶片可溶性总糖、淀粉含量一直保持较稳定的水平,仅蛋白质略有降低。说明甘蔗花芽分化期间大量的基因表达并且合成各种蛋白质的过程需要消耗大量的碳水化合物。

＇ROC 16＇ and ＇ROC22＇ which are shy-flowering under nature conditions were used as experimental materials. Changes of carbohydrate and soluble protein of the leaf induced by photoperiod in the process of sugarcane flower bud differentiation and flowering reversion were studied. The results showed that the contents of soluble total sugar, starch and protein were without apparent changes after induced by photoperiod compared with control before differentiation. But from flowering induced period, the contents of soluble total sugar, starch and protein were increased rapidly, significantly higher than the control. As the further development of flower bud differentiation, the contents of total soluble sugar and starch reduced gradually, even lower than the control, still at a low level, while the contents of soluble protein were always higher than the control. The contents of soluble total sugar, starch and protein of the leaf flowering reversion in the early period of flower bud differenti- ation were all higher than the control, but lower than the normal flowering plants. As the flower bud differentia- tion stop, the contents of soluble total sugar and starch still retained stable level, only protein slightly reduced. The experiment showed that the process of gene expression and protein synthesis in the sugarcane flower bud differentiation period needed to consume a lot of carbohydrates.