用中国膳食平衡指数研究涉铅工人食物摄入水平

Study on food intake level of lead exposed workers by using Chinese diet balance index

目的了解铅接触作业工人膳食结构及营养状况,评价个体膳食模式,为营养干预提供依据。方法对涉铅工人进行半定量食物频率调查,用中国膳食平衡指数(DBI)和《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》评价。结果 427名涉铅工人膳食结构中,果蔬、鱼虾和乳蛋类摄入不足,酒类、油脂和盐类摄入过量;用DBI模式评价,总人群膳食平均摄入量趋向不足。个体评价发现食物摄入量较理想,模式A和模式B占60.9%。结论营养摄入不足是涉铅作业工人膳食主要问题,应针对涉铅作业特点和不同性别,开展有针对性的平衡膳食指导。

Objective To investigate the diet structure and nutritional status of lead exposed workers and evaluate individual dietary pattern for the dietary nutritional intervention. Methods Lead exposed workers were investigated with semi quantitative food frequency and evaluated by using diet balance index （DBI） and ＂China dietary reference intakes＂. Results The dietary structure was imbalance for the workers exposed to lead, inadequate intake for fruits and vegeta- bles, fish and dairy products, milk and eggs, excessive intake for wine, oil and salt. The average dietary intake tended to deficiency according to the DBI model. Individual evaluation found that food intake was better, mode A and B accounted for 61.9 %.Conclusion Inadequate intake of nutrients is the main dietary problems for workers exposed to lead,a well-balanced diet guidance should be provided for lead exposed workers according to job characteristics and genders.