国外突发公共卫生事件应急处置体系及对我国的启示

Public health emergencies disposal system: International experience and its implications for China

通过对突发应急工作较完善的美国、亚洲自然灾害较频发的日本以及与我国国情相近的印度突发公共卫生应急体系的系统梳理,明确各国突发应急处置的应急组织体系、运作机制和保障措施等,并总结其特点。结合我国突发公共卫生事件应急处置实际工作中的问题,提出可供我国突发公共卫生应急处置工作的借鉴之处:健全法律依托;加强统一领导,分级负责,综合协调;全面危机教育;完善防护网和监测系统;动态性管理理念。

This paper makes a systematic summary of the public health emergency systems of three countries,specifically the United States of America which has a relatively complete emergency response system,Japan,which frequently confront natural disasters,and India,which faces national conditions similar to those of China,so as to define their respective emergency response organization systems,operational mechanisms and supporting measures and summarize their characteristics.Combined with the actual issues that arise in China＇s disposal of public health emergency,suggestions have been proposed for the Chinese public health emergency disposal system as follows：improving legal support,reinforcing central guidance,decentralizing administration and overall administrative coordination,providing comprehensive crisis education,improving safety nets and monitoring systems,and enhancing dynamic management concepts.