当前欧美国家有关入学准备研究的最新进展

Reviews on the Studies of Children's School Readiness in American and Europe Countries

儿童入学准备一直是欧美国家学前教育研究者关注的热点话题,其研究普遍涉及到早期教育保育经历、家庭结构与家长养育方式、家庭环境、与学习相关的能力、社会性行为、基于数学和语言方面的任务、社会经济地位等影响因素,其中对语言领域的相关研究大大多于数学领域。儿童入学准备情况同时受到文化因素的影响,父母来自不同地区的移民儿童入学准备差异显著。家长对儿童入学准备越来越重视,但付出的努力没有随之增加。住房稳定、让儿童经常参加家庭日常活动有助于提升儿童入学准备水平。高质量幼儿教育保育项目与儿童的入学准备在很多研究中都被证实存在积极相关,但其作用效果究竟有多大,不同的研究显示出从极小到中等程度不同的结论,最近的研究显示还可能与使用的评价工具有关。开端计划项目和某些短期针对性干预项目都被证明能够显著改善处境不利儿童的入学准备水平。此外,学前教育专业的学习和持续不断的职后指导相结合,被证明是通过教师因素帮助儿童提高入学准备水平的有效方式。

School readiness has been one of the hot research topics in American and Europe countries. Researchers often focus on the factors that would have great impact on children＇s school readiness such as the quality of early childhood education and care, the social and economical status of family, parents＇ nursing and education, children＇s learning abilities, self-regulation and so on. Head Start Project and some short-term program have been proved to be helpful to the school readiness of children at disadvantaged. Teachers with professional training and supports would create the more appropriate education environment for children.