红花草莓与白花品种杂交后代花及果实性状调查

Study on Flower and Fruit Characteristics of Offspring from the Crossing of Red-Flowered and White-Flowered Cultivars in Strawberry

用红花草莓品种＂粉佳人＂分别与白花草莓栽培品种＂佐贺清香＂和＂全明星＂进行正反交,调查了杂交结实、播种出苗及杂交后代实生苗的花色、果实品质等性状。结果表明：＂粉佳人＂作父本时,佐贺清香×粉佳人、全明星×粉佳人2个杂交组合的结实率分别为82.6%和70.8%,作母本时分别为24.1%和54.2%。4个组合杂交后代中,红花与白花植株数比例约为1∶3.3;红花颜色深浅程度不同,有白略带粉色、浅粉色、粉色、深粉色、红色及花瓣呈现粉色条纹、花瓣基部粉红色等。＂粉佳人＂与＂佐贺清香＂正反交组合中,杂交后代的平均单果重变异幅度为1.6~17.0 g;单株产量变异幅度为12.4~196.8 g,筛选出2个高产红花草莓单株,单株产量分别达196.8 g和190.8 g;硬度变异幅度为0.11~0.44 kg/cm2;可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量变异幅度分别为5.0%~11.0%和0.35%~1.58%;维生素C含量变异幅度为14.99~106.37 mg/100g,出现高维生素C红花草莓单株;多数后代实生苗花与果实性状兼具双亲特征,少数呈现偏母现象,已筛选出清香、白肉、品质极优的2个红花草莓单株。

The reciprocal crossing was carried out between a red-flowered strawberry cuhivar ＂Pink Beauty＂ and two white-flowered cultivars ＂Sagahonoka＂ and ＂Allstar＂. The flower and fruit characteristics of the offspring were investigated. The results showed that fruit-setting rates of the two hybrid combinations, SagahonokaxPink Beauty and AllstarxPink Beauty, were 82. 6% and 70.8% respectively, while 24. 1% and 54. 2% respectively in their reciprocal crosses. The proportion of red-flowered seedlings and white-flowered seedlings in the offspring was 1 ： 3.3. The flower color appeared white with little pink, light pink, pink, deep pink and red in the offspring. In the offspring of recip- rocal crosses of ＂Sagahonoka＂ x＂ Pink Beauty＂, the range of the average single fruit weight was from1.6 g to 17.0 g. The range of yield per individual was from 12.4 g to 196. 8 g, two individuals with high yield of 196. 8 g and 190. 8 g respectively were selected. The hardness range was from 0. 11 kg/cm2 to 0. 44 kg/cm2. The ranges of soluble solid content and titratable acidity content were 5.0%--11.0% and 0. 35%--1. 58% respectively. The range of vitamin C content was 14. 99-- 106.37 mg/100g, and an individual with high Vitamin C content of 106. 37 mg/100g was obtained. The characteristics of flower and fruit were in line with both parents among the majority of offspring and a few were matroclinous, two excellent individuals with aromatic and white-fleshed fruit were selected.