抽水井周围饱水介质场三维水位动态观测及地下水流运动特征

Study on the 3D Water Level Variations of Water-saturated Medium around Pumping Wells and Characteristics of Groundwater Flow

利用设计建造的抽水试验装置,采取多项潜水及承压水的抽水试验,获得大量的抽水井周围饱水介质场三维动态观测数据。试验发现:无论是潜水还是承压水状态,抽水井附近观测井的水位变化,均具有距抽水井愈远愈高、愈近愈低的漏斗状分布,抽水井附件的地下水位降落漏斗是显著的;同时发现每个观测井不同高度上的观测点的水位,均呈现上高下低的特征,说明地下水具有由上到下的运动分量,地下水由周边的供水边界向抽水井聚集运移时,运动方向是下斜向的,潜水如此,承压水也如此。分析认为,这是水头压力与水体自身重力同时起作用的结果。由此推断,在抽水时,靠近承压水含水层顶板存在强势水流,且越靠近补给源,这种强势水流越强。

By using pumping test device designed and made by the author, the author gets a groups of 3 D observation data on water level variations of water-saturated medium around pumping wells. The research shows that for both phreatic water and confined water, the water level of observation well falls when it closes to the pumping well. The water level variation curve presents itself as a funnel with the location of the pumping well as the core. At the same time, the water heads of different ob-servation points at different heights of each observation well are higher to lower from top to bottom, which is characterized by showing that the water has a top to bottom motion component while groundwater has migration and accumulation from the sur-rounding water boundary to the pumping well, i. e. the water movement direction is inclined. The same is true for artesian wa-ter. It is a result of the combined action of water head pressure and the gravity of groundwater itself. Accordingly, the paper makes the conclusion that there is powerful groundwater flow near the artesian aquifer. The groundwater flow becomes more powerful when it close to the recharge source.