小儿龋齿患病情况调查及危险因素研究

Study on the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dental Caries Status in Children

目的调查小儿龋齿发病情况，研究其发病相关危险因素。方法选取2011年9月至2013年9月首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院附近幼儿园2～6岁的幼儿300例作为研究对象，进行口腔健康检查，对不同年龄小儿患龋率进行调查。采用Logistic回归检测唾液变形链球菌感染，观察小儿龋齿发病相关危险因素，相关问卷调查统一由母亲完成。结果本次调查的300例儿童，121例（40．33％）发生龋齿。在单因素分析中给出，龋齿组和非龋齿组在吃零食、牙龈指数、变形链球菌、睡前刷牙四个项目上的差异有统计学意义，P〈0．05。小儿龋齿危险因素为牙龈指数〉0（OR=1．684，95％C10．553-1．377）、变形链球菌（OR=15．476，95％C112．233-18．983），睡前刷牙（OR=0．575，95％（210．312-0．787）是保护因素（P〈0．05）。结论小儿龋齿与唾液变形链球菌感染关系密切，性别、牙龈指数和睡前是否刷牙也会影响小儿龋齿的发生。要注意加强儿童口腔卫生，合理搭配饮食，少吃零食，养成刷牙的好习惯。

Objective To investigate dental caries incidence and related risk factors in children. Methods A total of 300 children aged 2 to 6 years from adjacent kindergartens of Children Hospital of Beijing Pediatric Research Institute were included in the study during Sep. 2011 and Sep. 2013. They received oral health check-up and the caries prevalence rate of children of different ages was investigated. Logistic regression analysis was adopted for salivary mutans streptococci infection, caries related risk factors in children were observed, and the questionnaires were done by the mothers. Results Among the 300 children in the study, 121 patients（40.33% ） had caries. The univariate analysis indicated, dental caries group and non caries group had significant differences in eating snacks, gingival index, Streptococcus mutans, brushing teeth before going to bed,P 〈0.05. The risk factors for children with caries gingival index 〉 0（ OR = 1. 684,95% CI = 0. 553-1. 377 ）, Streptococcus mutans （ OR = 15. 476,95 % CI = 12. 233-18. 983 ）, while brushing teeth before going to bed（ OR = 0. 575,95% CI = 0.312-0. 787 ） was protective factor（ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion Children with dental caries and salivary mutans streptococci infection are closely related, and gender, gingival index and brushing teeth before going to bed all influence the occurrence of dental caries in children. Children＇s oral health should be attached due importance, by taking a reasonable diet, eating less snacks, and developing good brushing habits.