美国大型地下水封石洞油气库长期稳定性试验规范概述

Overview of Test Standards for Long-term Stability of Large Underground Water-sealed Cavern of Oil and Gas Storage in the US

从战略角度看,建设地下油气库有利于保障国家能源安全稳定供应,即使在战争非常时期,也可应对国际油气市场的剧烈动荡,减缓可能给国民经济带来的冲击。自1977年以来,美国加强了地下溶洞与盐穴的油气库工程建设,并重点试验研究了地下储库的长期安全稳定性,包括:1地下储库所在区域构造应力为主导的原岩地应力场测试研究;2地下储库围岩的施工期变形动静态监测;3地下储库围岩长期稳定性的现场流变试验研究;4地下储库自然与人工水封技术的试验研究;5围绕1至4课题进行的岩土分类、各种测试方法标准规范的编制与推广应用,促使地下储库在100 a设计生命期的安全健康。美国的这些研究成果及规范可为我国地下水封石洞油气库工程的建设提供参考与借鉴。

From a strategic perspective, underground oil and gas storage protects the security and stability of acountry＇ s energy supply. Even in war, it could help deal with the upheaval of international oil and gas markets and slow down the impact on national economy. Since 1977, the United States strengthened its construction of oil and gas storage in underground karst eaves and salt caverns, and did detailed experimental studies of the long-term safe- ty and stability of the underground storages. These studies include （ l ） tests on the in-situ stress field of under- ground storage where the tectonic stress is typical ; （2） static and dynamic monitoring of rock deformation of the underground storage during eonstrnetion; （3） on-site rheologieal tests on the long-term stability of rocks in the underground storage; （4） tests of natural and artificial water-seal technology in underground storage; （5） compilation and application of standards and specifications on geoteehnieal classification and test methods around the subjects in （ 1 ） to （4）. The studies ensured the safety and health of underground storage in the designed 100-year life time. These achievements could be taken as reference for the construction of oil and gas storage of underground watersealed caves in China.