沈阳市葡萄生长期热量条件鉴定及变化趋势

Heat Conditions Evaluation and Variation Tendency for Grape Growth Period in Shenyang City

为了葡萄产业化发展和新品种引进的需要，采用葡萄不同生长期温度指标和近50a气候资料，运用气候诊断分析方法，对沈阳市葡萄生长期热量资源进行鉴定。结果表明，沈阳市在葡萄新梢生长期、开花期及浆果膨大期温度适宜，热量资源充足；萌芽至成熟≥10℃活动积温为2924—4010d·℃，中早品种热量盈余，而晚熟品种略显不足；萌芽初期受低温为害几率为10．0％；浆果成熟期气温偏低，有20％的年份热量不足。20世纪90年代以来，沈阳市平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温和≥10℃活动积温升高、增加趋势明显，气候倾向率分别为0．18，0．142，0．305℃／10a和44．068（d·℃）／10a。气候变暖改善了热量环境条件，对葡萄产业发展十分有利。

To meet the demands of grape industry development and introduction of new varieties of grapes, we adopted temperature indexes in different grape growth periods and climate data in the last 50 years, as well as climate diagnosis and analysis method so as to perform evaluation on grape growth heat resource. The results showed that the temperature was suitable in Shenyang for the shoot growing period, blossom period and fruit expansion period of grapes and the heat resource was sufficient. Required temperature from bud to mature shall be more than 10 ℃. Activity accumulated temperature shall be between 2 924-4 010 d·℃. Early and middle varieties enjoyed surplus heat, while late maturing variety had slightly insufficient heat. Rate of suffering from low temperature damage in early bud period was 10.0%. Temperature in fruit expansion period was relatively low and heat was insufficient in about 20% of the growing years. In recent years, the average highest temperature, the average lowest temperature, ≥ 10℃ activity accumulated temperature raised and increased obviously. Climate tendency rate were： 0.18, 0.142, 0.305℃/10 a and 44.068 （d·℃ ）/10 a, respectively. Climate warming improved heat environment conditions and was fairly beneficial to development of grape industry.