一种能耗均衡的无线传感器网络分簇路由算法

An Energy Consumption Balanced Clustering Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network

针对分簇路由协议分簇不均匀及能耗不均衡等问题,提出一种基于能量和距离因子的分簇路由算法。通过加入能量和距离因子对簇头选择的阈值公式进行改进,延长竞选出的簇头工作时间,增加备择簇头以减少重建簇的轮数,从而降低选举消耗的能量。在广播当选信息之前加入等待时间,普通节点选择与其通信代价最小的簇头所在簇申请加入。建立最优路径进行簇间路由,并采用单跳和多跳相结合的方式。仿真结果表明,与EECS算法相比,该算法可减少约8%的能耗,并有效均衡节点能耗,延长网络生命周期。

Aiming at the problems of some typical clustering routing protocol such as the cluster size is not uniform and the energy consumption is not balanced,an Energy-balanced Clustering Routing Algorithm Based on Energy and Distance （ECRED） is proposed.The cluster head selection threshold formula based on energy and distance factor is improved to prolong the working life of the selected cluster heads.The alternative cluster head is chosen to reduce the energy consumption of reelections.A waiting time before broadcasting election information is added.Nodes select the cluster head based on communication cost.Finally,it establishes the optimal routing path among clusters and transmits information using single hop and multi-hop combination method.The simulation results show that compared with EECS protocol,ECRED algorithm can save energy by about 8％,balance the node energy consumption effectively and prolong the life cycle of network.