城市轨道交通环境影响评价存在的问题及对策

Present Problems in the Environmental Impact Assessment of Urban Rail Transit and the Countermeasures

分析国内城市轨道交通项目环境影响评价中存在的问题,包括报告书中存在的典型问题:如项目在设计阶段与规划阶段线路方案变化较大时以及对环境产生较大影响的路段不进行方案比选,提出的减振降噪环保措施的科学性及合理性不足,公众参与内容的针对性不强等。指出目前作为主要的环评技术支撑文件《环境影响评价技术导则城市轨道交通》存在的问题:噪声及振动源强、衰减距离和衰减量的预测评价、减振降噪措施效果选取依据等内容规定得不够细化,对二次结构噪声和古建筑等的评价方法尚待完善。最后提出相关对策和建议:环保部应加强对评价单位的培训和日常考核,尽快启动《环境影响评价技术导则城市轨道交通》的修订工作,加强验收项目数据的统计和总结,提高报告书的编制质量。

This paper analyzed existing problems in the environment impact assessment （EIA） of domestic urban rail transit projects and those in assessment reports. Typical problems include： there is no scheme comparison when there is big change during project design phase and planning phase, and no scheme comparison in the roads which have great influence on the environment; the vibration noise reduction measures are not scientific and rational enough; the content of public participation in targeted is not strong. This paper analyzed the typical problems in the environmental impact assessment technical guideline of urban rail transit. The content is not defined in detail about strong noise and vibration source, the attenuation distance and attenuation prediction and evaluation, vibration noise reduction effect. The evaluation method of ancient buildings and second noise is yet to be improved. Related countermeasures and the suggestions for environmental protection were given： the training of evaluation units and daily inspection should be strengthened; revision work on the environmental knpact assessment technical guideline of urban rail transit should be started as soon as possible; the statistics and stmmaary of acceptance of the project data to improve the quality of report preparation should be strengthened; and the content of the technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment should be improved.