从《畏庐琐记》看民间信仰的世俗化特点——以东岳崇拜和士子祈神为例

On the Secularization of Folk Beliefs as Reflected in Linshu's Sketchbook——Taking Mt.Taishan Idolization and Gentry Benediction as Examples

林纾的笔记集《畏庐琐记》,反映了包括民间信仰在内的社会百态。文章以《畏庐琐记》所载之旗人东岳崇拜和士子祈神等民间信仰现象为例,利用方志、笔记等地方文献,分析民间信仰的世俗化特点,指出其特点主要表现为:一方面,特定人群有自身的崇拜对象和信仰行为;另一方面,当面临人生的不确定因素时,民众会"随俗"走进祠庙,焚香祈祷。与向什么神祇祈祷相比,此时他们更为关注的是如何顺利实现心中的愿望。

Linshu＇ s Sketchbook, a collection of Linshu＇ s essays, well represents miscellaneous social aspects of his time, including folk beliefs. This paper takes such folk beliefs as Mt. Taishan Idolization and Gentry Benediction among the Eight Banners in Qing Dynasty as Examples, which is discussed in Linshu＇s Sketchbook, and analyzes the secularization features of folk beliefs, with references to local chronicles and notebooks. The analysis shows that there exist mainly two typical features： on the one hand, specific population have their own worshiping idols and creed conducts; on the other hand, when facing uncertainty in life, the crowd tend to follow the others to go to the temple to pray. What matters most at that moment is not to whom they pray to, but how to realize their wishes.