伊斯兰金融的法和经济学分析

Analyzing the Laws and Economics of Islamic Finance

伊斯兰道德经济学要求伊斯兰银行与金融投资机构在实施经济和金融活动中必须体现伊斯兰信仰和社会正义原则,必须全面评估其行为所产生的社会正面和负面影响,由此伊斯兰道德经济学构成了伊斯兰银行与金融投资机构运作的基石。伊斯兰道德经济学认为利己心对个人来说是一种不可或缺的激励因素,但是伊斯兰道德经济学提出可以通过"道德过滤器"的治理机制来进行经济和金融的决策。根据沙里尔规则,财产的所有权应当遵循一定的道德底限,行使所有权应当符合道德的目标和手段。伊斯兰道德经济学进一步把市场制度化为一种在经济环境中进行交易的制度框架,市场机制也得到了道德的过滤,伴随着个人效用和利润最大化动机的实现,社会的最优性也得到了实现。伊斯兰道德经济学所倡导的现代金融发展建议包括:禁止利息和利息带来的固定收益,利益共享与风险共担,金融制度安排之中应当嵌入实体经济。

In Islamic moral economics, Islamic banks and financial investment agents are required to followIslamic faith and principle of social justice in their economic and financial activities, and should evaluate thepro and con of such behaviors, and consequently Islamic moral economics forms the cornerstone of Islamicbanks and their financial investment operation. The economics holds that self - interest is an essential incen-tive for individuals and economic and financial decisions can be made by the governance mechanism like＂moral filters＂. According to Sheryl rules, property ownership should follow certain bottom line of morals, andit conducts under moral goals and methods. The economics also takes market system as a kind of institutionalframework for trading in economic environment. Market mechanism filtered by morals promotes the realizationof social optimum, with the maximum of profits and individual efforts. The economics advocates the sugges-tions for modern financial progress includes forbidding fixed income from interests, sharing benefits and risks,and embedding real economy during financial institutional arrangement.