卢梭与柏克国家学说比较研究

Comparison between J·Rousseau's and E·Burke's Theories of State and Discussion of China's Democratic Political Construction

卢梭与柏克国家学说的分歧主要表现在"社会契约论"与"代际契约论"、"平等的宗教观"与"自由的宗教观"、"人民的国家"与"精英的国家"等方面。他们在政治思想上的冲突,反映了19世纪以来革命与改革、平等与自由、激进与保守的争论。比较两个政治思想家的国家学说,撷取其思想的精华,可以为我国社会主义民主政治建设提供警示。柏克思想中反民主、反人民的观点必须摒弃,而取其尊重传统的思想。卢梭思想中带有浓重"民粹"色彩的部分也必须摒弃,而其启蒙现代民主宪政的思想,如民主共和与人民主权的理念,则可以吸收。当前我国民主政治建设和政治体制改革,必须坚持人民当家作主原则,加强法治建设,注重社会公平与正义,兼顾各方合理利益,实现社会和谐。

The differences of theories of state of J·Rousseau's' s and E·Burke's are mainly displayed in the'social contract'and'inter-generational contract',the religious idea of equality and freedom,people's state and elite's state,etc. Their conflicts in political ideology have reflected revolution and reform,equality and freedom,and radical and conservative arguments since the 19 th century.Comparing their political theories and capturing the essence of their thoughts can provide a warning to socialist democratic politics construction of our country. E·Burke's thought of anti-democracy and despisal of people must be abandoned,and his respect for the traditional thought must be used. J·Rousseau's thoughts with heavy part of the 'populist'must be abandoned. But enlightenment of modern democratic constitutionalism thoughts,such as democratic republic and the people's sovereignty must be absorbed. The current democratic political construction and political system reform in our country,must insist on the principle that the people are masters of the country and the construction of the rule of lawbe strengthened. Attention should be paid to the embodiment of social fairness and justice,and reasonable interests of all parties should be guaranteed to achieve social harmony.