对康德“二律背反”的澄清与消除

Clarifications and Eliminations of Kant's Antinomies

康德曾经提出四种"二律背反",以此揭示理性思维的界限。对于前两种二律背反,康德是要揭示其矛盾之所在,进而把正反两个命题一起摈弃。但对后两种二律背反,康德是要消除误解,使正反两个命题并行不悖,进而对它们兼收并蓄。然而,在笔者看来,这四种二律背反的性质是一样的,都是混淆先验范畴的知性使用和理性使用所导致的;相应地,通过明确知性和理性之间的界限,可将四种二律背反给以一揽子的解决。

Kant presents four antinomies in order to reveal the limit of reason thinking. For the former two,Kant tries to expose where the contradictions lie and then abandon both the thesis and the antithesis. For the latter two,Kant tries to clear up the misunderstandings,and then makes the thesis and the antithesis not be mutually exclusive and further adopts both them. However,in my opinion,the properties of the four antinomies are the same that is the result of confusing the usages of understanding and reason about the a priori categories. Accordingly,we can give a wholesale solution of all the antinomies through making clear the boundary between understanding and reason.