对外贸易与我国的性别工资差距

International Trade and Gender Wage Gap in China

对外贸易对性别工资差距的影响是一个亟待研究的新领域。本文利用2002年和2007年中国家庭住户收入调查数据(CHIP),针对对外贸易对我国城镇性别工资差距的影响进行了实证分析。研究结果表明:我国对外贸易的发展扩大了城镇男性和女性之间的工资差距。这个结论与新古典理论不符,而与非新古典理论相符。具体来看:(1)从外贸依存度来看,进口贸易依存度和进出口总的贸易依存度对性别工资差距的影响都是正效应且显著,进口依存度对性别工资差距的影响效应最大。(2)从外贸方式来看,与加工贸易相比,一般贸易的进口依存度和进出口总的依存度对性别工资差距的影响效应要大且显著,一般贸易的进口对性别工资差距的影响显著且效应较大。(3)从贸易价格来看,虽然贸易价格与性别工资差距的关系都表现为负效应,但是,与总体贸易、加工贸易的价格变化相比,只有一般贸易的进口价格和进出口总价格对性别工资差距的影响是显著的。(4)贸易条件变化对性别工资差距的影响为正效应,但是,都不显著。

It is a new field to analyze how foreign trade impacts gender wage gap in China. Combining data from Chinese Household Income Project（CHIP） in 2002 and 2007, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the impacts of international trade on gender wage discrimination. The study finds that the development of foreign trade has widened the gender wage gap, which contradicts with the neoclassical theory. Specifically,（1） in the aspect of trade dependence,the import dependence and total trade dependence have a statistically significant and positive impact on gender wage gap, and import dependence is most influential;（2） from the perspective of mode of trade, compared with processing trade,the import dependence and foreign trade dependence of general trade have more statistically significant impacts on gender wage gap, and the impact of import of general trade on gender wage gap is sizable and statistically significant;（3） from the perspective of price of trade, it has a negative impact on gender wage gap, but compared with the price changes of total trade and processing trade, only import price of general trade and total price of import and export have statistically significant impacts on gender wage gap;（4） finally, changes of terms of trade have a positive impact on gender wage gap, but the impact is not statistically significant.