不同氮肥水平对马铃薯原种繁育的影响

Effects of Different Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Stock Seed Breeding of Potato

[目的]为了提高原种的繁殖效率,降低原种成本,为原种繁殖提供合理的施肥依据.[方法]设4个施氮水平和1个对照,在2011、2012年分别进行“威芋3号”、“洋人洋”的不同氮肥水平的原种繁育试验.[结果]施用氮肥能提高原种的单株结薯数、单株薯重、原种产量、块茎平均重量、30 ～90 g块茎的数量和重量及所占比例.当纯氮施用量达到90 kg/hm2（尿素195 kg/hm2）时,原种的繁殖效果最好,上述各项指标均达到最大值.[结论]在中晚熟品种进行微型薯繁育原种时,在保证其他肥量适宜的基础上,氮肥用量以尿素195 kg/hm2左右为宜.

[Objective] The research aimed to improve the reproduction efficiency of stock seed,reduce the cost of stock seed,and provide the basis for the reasonable application of stock seed breeding.[Method] 4 nitrogen application level and control were arranged.The stock seed breeding trial of different nitrogen level on Weiyu 3 and Yangrenyang in 2011 and 2012 were conducted.[Result] Application of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the tuberization number per plant,potato weight per plant,yield of stock seed,average weight of tuber,number and weight of 30-90 g tuber,and its ratio.When the application of nitrogen was 90 kg/hm2 （urea 195 kg/hm2）,the breeding effect of stock seed was the best,and all of the indicators reached the highest.[Conclusion] When the mid-late maturity varieties were bred,the optimum application rate of urea was about 195 kg/hm2 on the basis of the optimum application amount of other fertilizer.