有机肥不同施用时间和种类对烤烟病害及几个生理指标的影响

Effects of Different Kinds of Organic Manure on Disease and Several Physiological Indices of Flue-cured Tobacco

[目的]探讨不同烤烟耕作制度下养分循环及投入和携出量的变化规律。[方法]通过田间试验研究了不同种类有机肥(腐熟猪粪、菜籽饼和腐熟秸秆)及施用时间对烟草花叶病和赤星病发病情况及可溶性糖、淀粉、酚、类黄酮和叶绿素的影响。[结果]当季秸秆与对照相比有效降低了烟草花叶病和赤星病的发病率和病情指数;前作施用猪粪和秸秆明显提高了烟叶中的总酚,当季施用饼肥则可降低类黄酮的含量;当季施用有机肥处理淀粉含量高于前作施用,移栽后90 d,前作可溶性糖含量下降幅度大于当季;中上部叶片叶绿素含量以前作猪粪和前作秸秆较高。[结论]为植烟土壤养分资源的统筹提供了参考。

[Objective] The aim was to explore change law of nutrient cycling,input and uptake under different farming systems of tlue-cured tobacco.[Method] Effects of different kinds of organic manure （fully-fermented crop straw or pig manure,bean cake fertilizer） and its application time on disease and soluble sugar,starch,phenols and flavonoids,Chlorophyll of flue-cured tobacco were studied through field trial.[Result] When fully-fermented crop straw was applied to soil in this season,occurrence rate and disease index of tobacco mosaic and brown spot were decreased.Pig manure or crop straw was applied to soil before this season,and phenols content in leaf of flue-cured tobacco was increased.Bean cake fertilizer was applied to soil in this season,and flavonoids content in leaf of flue-cured tobacco was decreased.The starch content of organic fertilizer applied to soil in this season was higher than that before this season.Transplanted latter 90 days,the drop scope of soluble sugar content of organic fertilizer applied to soil before this season was bigger than that in this season.The up and center leaves chlorophyll contents of pig manure and straw stalk applied to soil before this season were higher.[Conclusion] The research result provides reference for overall planning of tobacco-planting soil nutrient resources.